A federal constitutional republic is a type of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. It typically features a constitution that serves as the supreme law of the land, outlining the system of government and protecting individual rights and freedoms.

In a federal republic, power is divided between a central government and individual states or provinces. This division of power is usually outlined in a written constitution, which serves as the supreme law of the land. The central government has certain powers, such as regulating foreign trade and declaring war. At the same time, the states or provinces retain certain powers, such as regulating education and administering justice.

This system of government is designed to balance the power between the central government and the states, preventing the concentration of power in one single entity and ensuring the protection of individual rights and freedoms. The central government is typically composed of three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. The executive branch, headed by the president or prime minister, is responsible for government administration. The legislative branch, composed of a congress or parliament, makes laws. The judicial branch, composed of courts, interprets the law.

In a federal constitutional republic, the constitution serves as a safeguard against the abuse of power by the government by establishing limits on the government's authority and protecting individual rights and freedoms. This is accomplished through a system of checks and balances, in which each branch of government can limit the powers of the other branches.

Examples of federal republics are the United States, Brazil, and India.